Since the end of the Cold War the United Nations and Regional Organizations like NATO or the European Union are showing an increased willingness to intervene in violent internal conflicts and Civil Wars in order to re-establish peace. However, not all Operations are successful to the same extent. Even though for example ISAF has been present in Afghanistan for more than ten years is the operation’s outcome still uncertain. This book seeks to answer the question why some Peace Operations succeed in their task to resolve violent conflicts, while others fail. Based on a sample of 64 Peace Operations this study tries to find out how the involvement of a superpower influences the outcome of operations and which role other factors like lootable resources or the presence of peace agreements can play in this context.